What type of malware is ransomware?

Ransomware is specifically designed to threaten the accessibility of data by encrypting it or locking users out of their systems until a ransom is paid. This type of malware operates under the premise of extortion, effectively holding a user’s data hostage. When victims encounter ransomware on their systems, they are typically presented with a message demanding payment, usually in cryptocurrency, to regain access to their files.

The focus on this threat emphasizes the severe implications of ransomware, not only for individual users but also for organizations. This type of malware can bring operations to a halt, incur significant financial losses, and result in extensive damage to reputation.

In contrast, while the other options describe different cybersecurity concepts, they do not accurately characterize what ransomware is. For instance, a tool for data recovery would be beneficial in restoring access to data rather than locking it. A virus that spreads through networks describes how certain malware can propagate, but does not capture the unique extortion mechanism of ransomware. Lastly, phishing pertains to deceptive tactics used to acquire sensitive information, which does not parallel the direct threat of ransom that ransomware embodies.