What is an "access control list" (ACL)?

An access control list (ACL) functions as a set of rules that dictates permissions regarding who can access certain resources within a network or system. It is a critical component of security management, as it helps ensure that only authorized individuals can perform specific actions or access particular data. ACLs can be implemented at various levels, including file systems, routers, and firewalls, and they are designed to enhance overall security by specifying which users or groups of users can interact with assets and in what capacity—be it read, write, or execute.

This mechanism is essential in preventing unauthorized access and mitigating potential security breaches, making it a fundamental aspect of network security. Understanding how ACLs work enables individuals to better configure security measures and enforce policies that align with an organization’s security framework. Other options do not accurately capture the purpose and function of an ACL as they focus on broader concepts unrelated to the specific rules governing access permissions.